Egypt and the surrounding areas before the battle

The circumstances in Egypt were very critical when the Tatars started to invade Shaam and drew near the Egyptian territories. The internal political arena was surging with stormy troubles and severe crises.  The afflictions resulting from the conflict over the throne, especially during the last ten years, were violent and recurrent. It is true that the circumstances became relatively stable when King Al-Mu‘izz took over for seven years consecutively, but it was kindled once again by the killing of Al-Mu‘izz, and Shajarat Ad-Durr after him directly, then the accession of Noor Ad-Deen ‘Ali to the throne and then of Qutuz, May Allaah have mercy upon him, after sacking him. It is also true that Qutuz was on the throne, however, there were a lot of men who coveted the throne, and many who had feelings of resentment towards Qutuz in person; and it was certain that they would move, or, at least, attempt to move to fire Qutuz or even kill him if necessary, as a lot of Mamluks used to do.

We should not forget the affliction between the Bahri Saalihi Mamluks who supported Shajarat Ad-Durr, and the Mu‘izzi Mamluks who later supported Qutuz. A lot of the Bahri Mamluks had previously fled to different emirates in Shaam, and the remaining lived in fear and vigilance. This division, without doubt, weakened the military force ofEgypt, since the Egyptian army mainly depended on the Bahri Mamluks at that time.

As dangerous as the internal political and military situation might be, the external political arena was also quite complicated. The relations betweenEgyptand its neighboring countries were severed; there were no diplomatic relations betweenEgyptand the emirates of Shaam, giving room for the spirit of aggression to rise between them instead.Egyptalso had no support from the countries of North Africa andSudan. This means that this odious seclusion would make it easy for the Tatar giant to swallowEgyptas it did with the other countries.

The economic circumstances ofEgyptwere not better than the political and social circumstances; the country was under a severe economic crisis because of the recurrent Crusades, the wars betweenEgyptand the neighboring emirates of Shaam, and the internal conflicts over the throne. Furthermore, the people were preoccupied with their own selves, as well as with the internal and external troubles, which led to the severe deterioration of the economy, with which the country was on the brink of an almost destructive crisis.

Meanwhile, the enemies of this Ummah gathered against it ferociously, beginning from the resentful Crusaders who had received many shameful and serious defeats ten years earlier in the Mansoura and Faraskor Battles, and, undoubtedly, they wanted to retaliate and take revenge, and would find, in the last troubles in Egypt, a good opportunity for retaliation, and the realization of their dreams of invasion; passing through the Crusader emirates established in Palestine for many decades; and ending with the Tatars, the great distress coming from the East.

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